Abstract:Physical properties, such as friction, hardness, stiffness, and density, govern how robots should grasp, manipulate and interact with objects, yet estimating these properties from RGB images remains challenging. Existing methods typically employ per-object reconstruction augmented with physical properties or directly query vision-language models at test time, which results in substantial computational overhead that limits their applicability. In this work, we present PhysVGGT, a feed-forward model that predicts dense maps of friction coefficient, Shore hardness, Young's modulus, and density, together with object-level mass, from a single RGB image in one forward pass. The key idea of PhysVGGT is to formulate physical property estimation as a dense per-pixel prediction problem and employ a visual geometry transformer to extract geometry-aware tokens from the input image followed by a dense prediction branch for estimating local physical properties and a global prediction branch for estimating object-level mass. In addition, we introduce a scalable pseudo-label generation pipeline that enables large-scale weakly supervised training for dense physical property prediction, substantially reducing the need for expensive direct physical measurements. Extensive experiments show that PhysVGGT achieves state-of-the-art performance on the ABO-500 dataset and generalizes effectively to the out-of-distribution NeRF2Physics dataset. Moreover, PhysVGGT eliminates the need for per-object reconstruction and test-time optimization, achieving an inference latency of only 0.13s per image, making it $27\times$ faster than the previous state of the art.
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